{"id":871,"date":"2023-03-22T00:25:08","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T22:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/?p=871"},"modified":"2024-04-04T11:32:40","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T09:32:40","slug":"sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160to je pametni ugovor ili smart contract?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/smart-contract-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2387\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pametni ugovori (smart contracts) su srce blockchain tehnologije i glavna komponenta <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-dapp-ili-decentralizirana-aplikacija\/\">decentraliziranih aplikacija (dapp)<\/a>. Oni nude sigurnost, pouzdanost i pristupa\u010dnost blockchain tehnologije, ali u isto vrijeme <strong>slo\u017eenu peer-to-peer funkcionalnost<\/strong>. Pogledajmo \u0161to su pametni ugovori i kako funkcioniraju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Danas su svi upoznati s aplikacijama i trgovinama aplikacija. Pregledavate ih, preuzimate aplikaciju koju \u017eelite i preuzimate je u tren oka. Iza prekrasnih UX i UI su\u010delja mobilnih ure\u0111aja, ove aplikacije slijede <strong>odre\u0111eni skup uputa koje je postavio njihov kreator<\/strong>. To mo\u017ee biti igra, aplikacija za fitness ili na\u010din kupnje dobara i usluga. Pa, pametni ugovori imaju vrlo sli\u010dnu funkciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents\" data-showtext=\"show\" data-hidetext=\"hide\" data-scrolltype=\"auto\" id=\"ub_table-of-contents-3ed62d45-f74b-4a7c-9895-2c7c013b0841\" data-initiallyhideonmobile=\"false\"\n                    data-initiallyshow=\"true\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header-container\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header\">\n                    <div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-title\">Sadr\u017eaj<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-extra-container\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-container ub_table-of-contents-1-column \"><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#0-%C5%A1to-je-pametni-ugovor->\u0160to je pametni ugovor?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#1-kako-funkcioniraju-pametni-ugovori->Kako funkcioniraju pametni ugovori?<\/a><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#2-pametni-ugovori-prednosti>Pametni ugovori: prednosti<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#3-pametni-ugovori-nedostaci->Pametni ugovori: nedostaci<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#4-%C2%BBako-se-ovo-dogodi-u%C4%8Dini-ovo-%C2%AB>\u00bbAko se ovo dogodi, u\u010dini ovo\u00ab<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#5-kori%C5%A1tenje-pametnih-ugovora->Kori\u0161tenje pametnih ugovora<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#6-povijest-pametnih-ugovora->Povijest pametnih ugovora<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#7-ethereum-je-trenutno-vode%C4%87a-platforma-za-pametne-ugovore->Ethereum je trenutno vode\u0107a platforma za pametne ugovore<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#8-najve%C4%87e-platforme-pametnih-ugovora-prema-tr%C5%BEi%C5%A1noj-kapitalizaciji->Najve\u0107e platforme pametnih ugovora prema tr\u017ei\u0161noj kapitalizaciji:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#9-revizija-pametnih-ugovora->Revizija pametnih ugovora<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#10-kad-podvu%C4%8Demo-crtu->Kad podvu\u010demo crtu<\/a><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#11-podelite-na%C5%A1-sadr%C5%BEaj-na-dru%C5%A1tvenim-mre%C5%BEama>Podelite na\u0161 sadr\u017eaj na dru\u0161tvenim mre\u017eama:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/#12-%C4%8Desto-postavljana-pitanja>\u010cesto postavljana pitanja<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"0-%C5%A1to-je-pametni-ugovor-\"><strong>\u0160to je pametni ugovor?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pametni ugovor je program <strong>koji sam izvr\u0161ava i automatizira radnje<\/strong> potrebne u sporazumu ili ugovoru. Jednom dovr\u0161ene transakcije su sljedive i nepovratne. Pametni ugovori grade se na osnovnoj ideji transakcija <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/bitcoin\/\">stvaranja Bitcoina bez posrednika<\/a>. Va\u0161e podatke ne pohranjuje niti provjerava niti jedan akter jer to za nas radi blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethereum zajednica, predvo\u0111ena Vitalikom Buterinom, <strong>vjeruje da je ovo budu\u0107nost blockchaina<\/strong>. Ako je Bitcoin zlato poslovnog svijeta, pametni ugovori su nafta na kojoj poslovni svijet radi. Ethereum je prva i najve\u0107a mre\u017ea pametnih ugovora. oni su postavili standard u kripto svijetu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zanimljivost : <\/strong>Nick Szabo, ameri\u010dki ra\u010dunalni znanstvenik koji je izumio virtualnu valutu Bit Gold 1998. godine , definirao je pametne ugovore kao ra\u010dunalne transakcijske protokole koji provode uvjete ugovora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-kako-funkcioniraju-pametni-ugovori-\"><strong>Kako funkcioniraju pametni ugovori?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor-768x458.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor-67x40.jpg 67w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor-54x32.jpg 54w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor-134x80.jpg 134w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pametni-ugovor-226x135.jpg 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Pametni Ugovori<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za jednostavnu ideju, pogledajmo tipi\u010dnu <strong>transakciju kupnje automobila bez pametnog ugovora<\/strong>. Za cijeli proces potrebno vam je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Web stranica s popisom automobila i informacijama koje \u017eelite vidjeti<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na\u010din komunikacije s prodava\u010dima<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sportske-kladionice.com\/depozitne-metode\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sustav pla\u0107anja<\/a> koji vam omogu\u0107uje razmjenu novca kada prona\u0111ete svoj automobil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neke mogu\u0107nosti povrata novca ako se poka\u017ee da automobil nije ono \u0161to ste platili<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako prijaviti promjenu vlasni\u0161tva automobila kod nadle\u017enih tijela<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kao \u0161to znamo iz iskustva, svaka od ovih to\u010daka zahtijeva odre\u0111enu razinu povjerenja izme\u0111u vas i doti\u010dne web stranice ili usluge. Osim toga, svaki dio ovog procesa obi\u010dno <strong>kontrolira druga tvrtka ili pojedinac<\/strong>. To zna\u010di da postoji rizik da se podmukla osoba ili organizacija brzo umije\u0161a u bilo koji od navedenih elemenata i na taj na\u010din ometa ili poni\u0161ti cijeli proces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I tu na scenu stupaju pametni ugovori, koji mogu <strong>eliminirati potrebu za povjerenjem vi\u0161e strana u procesu kupnje<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-pametni-ugovori-prednosti\">Pametni ugovori: prednosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sigurnost<\/strong> : koriste kriptografiju kako bi sprije\u010dili promjenu zapisa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.chain.link\/how-to-read-smart-contract\/\"><strong>Transparentnost <\/strong><\/a>: Svatko mo\u017ee vidjeti \u0161to je pametni ugovor i za \u0161to se koristi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nema potrebe za tre\u0107im stranama<\/strong> : Pametni ugovori ne trebaju posrednika za njihovu provjeru, kao \u0161to to treba tehnologija blockchain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Autonomija <\/strong>: Rade automatski, tako da nema potrebe \u010dekati ljudsku intervenciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>To\u010dnost <\/strong>: Budu\u0107i da su pametni ugovori napisani u kodu, imaju manje pogre\u0161aka od pisanih ili govornih jezika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-pametni-ugovori-nedostaci-\"><strong>Pametni ugovori: nedostaci<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Trajnost<\/strong> : Jednom pokrenuti, ugovori se ne mogu mijenjati ili nadograditi, \u0161to mo\u017ee dovesti do katastrofalnih posljedica ako se pojave problemi u kodu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ljudski \u010dimbenici <\/strong>: ovise o programeru kako bi osigurao da kod slijedi uvjete ugovora.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rupe u zakonu<\/strong> : u kodu mogu postojati rupe koje dopu\u0161taju izvr\u0161enje ugovora u lo\u0161oj vjeri. To je mo\u017eda najbolje ilustrirano hakiranjem Ethereum DAO iz 2016. godine, kada je nepoznati haker iskoristio rupu u distribucijskoj funkciji DAO-a kako bi izvukao ETH u vrijednosti od oko 50 milijuna dolara.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-%C2%BBako-se-ovo-dogodi-u%C4%8Dini-ovo-%C2%AB\"><strong>\u00bbAko se ovo dogodi, u\u010dini ovo<\/strong>\u00ab<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glavna mantra pametnih ugovora je mehanizam koji putem ra\u010dunalnog koda uzrokuje da se odre\u0111ena stvar u\u010dini u slu\u010daju odre\u0111enog doga\u0111aja. Ovaj mehanizam ve\u0107 postoji. Recimo da ne\u0161to \u017eelite <a href=\"https:\/\/sportske-kladionice.com\/metode-placanja-i-online-sportske-kladionice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">platiti kreditnom karticom<\/a>. Softver koji koristi va\u0161a banka koristit \u0107e funkciju <strong>&#8220;ako se to dogodi, u\u010dinite ovo&#8221;<\/strong> na sljede\u0107i na\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ako je iznos na bankovnom ra\u010dunu ve\u0107i od potrebnog, osloba\u0111a sredstva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ako je iznos na bankovnom ra\u010dunu manji od potrebnog iznosa, sredstva se ne osloba\u0111aju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Razlika kod pametnih ugovora je u tome \u0161to umjesto banke, <strong>tre\u0107e strane donose ovu odluku o<\/strong> <strong>blockchainu<\/strong>. Uzimaju\u0107i gornji primjer i primjenjuju\u0107i ga na pametni ugovor, dobivamo sljede\u0107e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ako je iznos u digitalnom nov\u010daniku ve\u0107i i jo\u0161 nije potro\u0161en, on osloba\u0111a sredstva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ako je iznos u digitalnom nov\u010daniku manji ili je ve\u0107 potro\u0161en, sredstva se ne osloba\u0111aju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fascinantna stvar kod pametnih ugovora je <strong>da svatko mo\u017ee sklopiti ugovor s bilo kim drugim<\/strong>, blockchain sve to bilje\u017ei; i svatko mo\u017ee pogledati u blockchain u bilo kojem trenutku i provjeriti transakciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-kori%C5%A1tenje-pametnih-ugovora-\"><strong>Kori\u0161tenje pametnih ugovora<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora-300x105.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora-768x270.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora-114x40.jpg 114w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora-91x32.jpg 91w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora-228x80.jpg 228w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Koriscenje-pametnog-ugovora-384x135.jpg 384w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kori\u0161\u0107enje pametnog ugovora<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pametni ugovori omogu\u0107uju razvojnim programerima <strong>izradu \u0161irokog spektra decentraliziranih aplikacija (DEX)<\/strong> i tokena. Imaju \u0161irok raspon namjena, od novih financijskih alata do logisti\u010dkih i igra\u010dkih iskustava, a pohranjuju se na blockchainu kao i sve druge kripto transakcije. Jednom kada se aplikacija pametnog ugovora doda u blockchain, op\u0107enito se ne mo\u017ee opozvati ili promijeniti (osim u rijetkim iznimkama).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DeFi aplikacije omogu\u0107uju vlasnicima kriptovaluta obavljanje slo\u017eenih financijskih transakcija \u2013 <strong>\u0161tednje, zajmova, osiguranja<\/strong> \u2013 bez da im banka ili druga financijska institucija i\u0161ta \u201cukrade\u201d, bilo gdje u svijetu. Neke od trenutno popularnijih DeFi aplikacija su:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Uniswap <\/strong>: decentralizirana kripto mjenja\u010dnica koja korisnicima omogu\u0107uje trgovanje odre\u0111enim vrstama kriptovaluta putem pametnog ugovora bez sredi\u0161njeg tijela koje postavlja te\u010dajeve.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Maker DAO<\/strong> : Decentralizirana financijska aplikacija (DeFi) koja korisnicima omogu\u0107uje posu\u0111ivanje i posu\u0111ivanje kriptovaluta bez posrednika.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Axie Infinity<\/strong> : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/axie-infinity-najigranija-blockchain-igra-na-svijetu\/\">najigranija igrica play-to-earn<\/a> u kojoj igra\u010di uzgajaju i bore se s \u010dudovi\u0161tima.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>USDC<\/strong> : To je kriptovaluta koja je pametnim ugovorom vezana za ameri\u010dki dolar, tako da jedan USDC vrijedi jedan ameri\u010dki dolar. UDDC je dio novije kategorije digitalnog novca koji se zove stablecoin .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Me\u0111utim, kori\u0161tenje pametnih ugovora <strong>nije ograni\u010deno samo na tvrtke na kripto sceni<\/strong>, jer ih je po\u010deo koristiti cijeli niz tvrtki, pa \u010dak i neke vlade. Dolje je nekoliko primjera:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0160vedska vlada<\/strong> : \u0160vedska vlada testirala je zemlji\u0161ni katastar koji se temelji na blockchainu kako bi dokazala vlasni\u0161tvo nad zemlji\u0161tem i temelji se na pametnim ugovorima.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ING <\/strong>: nizozemska banka ING sukreirala je Finality, transakcijski sustav temeljen na blockchainu koji koristi pametne ugovore. Tako\u0111er je uklju\u010den u mnoge druge blockchain inicijative.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ubisoft<\/strong> : Me\u0111u svojim brojnim blockchain inicijativama, Ubisoft je stvorio posebno dizajnirane pametne ugovore koji korisnicima omogu\u0107uju posjedovanje, prijenos i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/nft\/gdje-kupiti-nft\/\">tra\u017eenje rijetkih NFT-ova<\/a> na temelju popularne fran\u0161ize igrica Rabbids, a tako\u0111er je pokrenuo Ubisoft Quartz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-povijest-pametnih-ugovora-\"><strong>Povijest pametnih ugovora<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poput blockchain tehnologije koja se koristi za ve\u0107inu kriptovaluta, pametni ugovori ro\u0111eni su iz ranijih tehnologija koje nisu bile posve dovr\u0161ene. U slu\u010daju pametnih ugovora, oni proizlaze iz ranijih programa za izvr\u0161avanje elektroni\u010dkih instrukcija koji su koristili <strong>uvjetne logi\u010dke iskaze za automatsku proizvodnju<\/strong> rezultata na temelju pru\u017eenih informacija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Izraz &#8220;pametni ugovor&#8221; <strong>prvi je put predlo\u017eio 1994. godine u svom eseju Nick Szabo<\/strong>, ameri\u010dki informati\u010dar koji je izumio virtualnu valutu Bit Gold 1998. godine, deset godina prije uvo\u0111enja Bitcoina. Zapravo, \u010desto se pri\u010da da je Szabo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/satoshi-nakamoto-steve-jobs\/\">pravi Satoshi Nakamoto<\/a>, anonimni izumitelj Bitcoina, \u0161to je on negirao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Szabo je pametni ugovor usporedio s automatom za prodaju. Zamislite automat koji prodaje limenke Coca-Cole za 25 centi. Ako bacite dolar u aparat i odaberete sok, <strong>aparat je kodiran da vam da pi\u0107e i 75 centi sitni\u0161a<\/strong> ili (ako je va\u0161 izbor rasprodan) da vas zatra\u017ei drugi izbor ili vam vrati dolar. Ovo je primjer jednostavnog pametnog ugovora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-ethereum-je-trenutno-vode%C4%87a-platforma-za-pametne-ugovore-\"><strong>Ethereum je trenutno vode\u0107a platforma za pametne ugovore<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum-768x280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum-110x40.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum-88x32.jpg 88w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum-219x80.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Ethereum-370x135.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ethereum pametni ugovor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trenutno je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/ethereum\/\">Ethereum<\/a> najpopularnija platforma za pametne ugovore, no mogu ih pokrenuti i mnogi drugi blockchaini, poput <strong>EOS-a, Neo-a, Tezosa, Trona, Polkadota, Algorand-a<\/strong>&#8230; Pametni ugovor mo\u017ee kreirati i instalirati na blockchain bilo tko. Njihov kod je transparentan i javno provjerljiv, \u0161to zna\u010di da svaka zainteresirana strana mo\u017ee to\u010dno vidjeti na kojoj logici radi pametni ugovor kada prima digitalnu imovinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pametni ugovori napisani su u razli\u010ditim programskim jezicima, kao \u0161to su <strong>Solidity, Web Assembly i Michelson<\/strong>. U Ethereum mre\u017ei kod svakog pametnog ugovora pohranjen je na blockchainu, \u0161to svakom zainteresiranom omogu\u0107uje uvid u kod ugovora i njegovo trenutno stanje te provjeru njegovog rada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uz blockchain i transakcijske podatke, svako ra\u010dunalo u mre\u017ei (ili &#8220;\u010dvor&#8221;) \u010duva kopiju svih postoje\u0107ih pametnih ugovora i njihovo trenutno stanje. Kada pametni ugovor primi sredstva od korisnika, <strong>njegov kod izvr\u0161avaju svi \u010dvorovi u mre\u017ei<\/strong> kako bi se postigao konsenzus o ishodu i rezultiraju\u0107em toku vrijednosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da biste izvr\u0161ili pametni ugovor na mre\u017ei Ethereum, <strong>obi\u010dno morate platiti naknadu koja se zove gas<\/strong>. Jednom instalirani na blockchain, pametne ugovore op\u0107enito ne mo\u017ee promijeniti \u010dak ni njihov tvorac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-najve%C4%87e-platforme-pametnih-ugovora-prema-tr%C5%BEi%C5%A1noj-kapitalizaciji-\"><strong>Najve\u0107e platforme pametnih ugovora prema tr\u017ei\u0161noj kapitalizaciji:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ethereum <\/strong>: Ethereum je dizajniran da djeluje kao decentralizirano &#8220;svjetsko ra\u010dunalo&#8221; koje se mo\u017ee koristiti kao platforma na kojoj se mogu pokretati dapp-ovi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BNB lanac<\/strong> : BNB je kratica za &#8220;Build and Build&#8221;, koju je razvila <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-binance-smart-chain-bsc\/\">mjenja\u010dnica kriptovaluta Binance<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cardano <\/strong>: Cardano (ADA) je javni blockchain projekt otvorenog koda. Tvrdi se da je to prvi svjetski recenzirani blockchain, s mre\u017eom akademika i znanstvenika koji provjeravaju njegove protokole prije nego \u0161to budu objavljeni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Avalanche <\/strong>: platforma otvorenog koda za nove financijske i decentralizirane aplikacije koje je razvio Ava Labs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-revizija-pametnih-ugovora-\"><strong>Revizija pametnih ugovora<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iako su pametni ugovori <strong>osigurani blockchain tehnologijom<\/strong> na kojoj se temelje, oni tako\u0111er moraju biti sigurni po dizajnu. Kao \u0161to smo gore spomenuli u nedostacima, neke zna\u010dajke ili gre\u0161ke u njihovom kodu mogu se iskoristiti. To se dogodilo mnogo puta u pro\u0161losti i jo\u0161 uvijek je jedan od najve\u0107ih izazova \u0161irokom usvajanju. Prema tvrtki za sigurnost blockchaina CertiK, 1,3 milijarde USD izgubljeno je DeFi hakiranjem samo u 2021. godini. Ukupno je, dakle, iz neosiguranih pametnih ugovora otu\u0111ena imovina vrijedna milijarde dolara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kako bi ubla\u017eili ovaj rizik, mnoge razvojne i sigurnosne tvrtke tre\u0107ih strana, kao \u0161to su <strong>Mythx <\/strong>i<strong> ConsenSys Diligence<\/strong>, sada nude usluge revizije pametnih ugovora. To zahtijeva pomnu inspekciju koda pametnog ugovora kako bi se identificirale ranjivosti koje se zatim mogu popraviti. To se obi\u010dno doga\u0111a prije objave pametnog ugovora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-kad-podvu%C4%8Demo-crtu-\"><strong>Kad podvu\u010demo crtu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pametni ugovori su kod napisan na blockchainu koji implementira uvjete sporazuma ili ugovora izvan lanca. Automatizira radnje koje bi ina\u010de izvr\u0161ile strane u ugovoru, <strong>eliminiraju\u0107i potrebu za me\u0111usobnim povjerenjem izme\u0111u dviju strana<\/strong>. Na temelju njihove funkcionalnosti mo\u017eemo o\u010dekivati \u200b\u200bda \u0107e pametni ugovori postati dio na\u0161e svakodnevice na nekoliko razina. Danas ve\u0107ina blockchaina ima zna\u010dajke pametnih ugovora, a aktivne zajednice programera stvaraju aplikacije koje koriste pametne ugovore. Raspon mogu\u0107nosti pametnih ugovora mo\u017ee se kretati od vrlo jednostavnih temeljenih na ne\u010demu poput Bitcoina ili Litecoina do naprednijih koji podr\u017eavaju decentralizirane aplikacije poput Ethereuma i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/cardano\/\">Cardana<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"11-podelite-na%C5%A1-sadr%C5%BEaj-na-dru%C5%A1tvenim-mre%C5%BEama\">Podelite na\u0161 sadr\u017eaj na dru\u0161tvenim mre\u017eama:<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-social-share\" id=\"ub-social-share-bd42cf9b-b172-4a36-81fa-ec0bc8c280be\">\n\t\t<div class=\"social-share-icons align-icons-center orientation-icons-row\"><a aria-label=\"facebook-logo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"12-%C4%8Desto-postavljana-pitanja\">\u010cesto postavljana pitanja<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\" data-mobilecollapse=\"true\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\"><strong>\u0160to je primjer pametnog ugovora?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najjednostavniji primjer pametnog ugovora je transakcija izme\u0111u potro\u0161a\u010da i poduze\u0107a u kojoj dolazi do prodaje. Pametni ugovor obavlja kup\u010devo pla\u0107anje i poslovnu otpremu ili prijenos vlasni\u0161tva. Kao \u0161to mo\u017eete da vidite \u010dak se i Web3 ugovori mogu prevesti u normalan \u017eivotni primjer. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\"><strong>Kako se podaci pohranjuju u pametnom ugovoru?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podaci o pametnom ugovoru pohranjuju se u glavnoj knjizi kao dio stanja pametnog ugovora, koji je vezan uz njegovu adresu. Kada se instalira nova verzija pametnog ugovora, dobiva novu adresu. Svaki pametni ugovor je zapravo datoteka svih transakcija koje su se obavljale. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\"><strong>Koje su najve\u0107e platforme za pametne ugovore?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethereum, Cardano, Avalanche, BNB\u2026 Mo\u017eda i najpopularniji je svakako Ethereum ali on dolazi sa nizom mana. Tu su pre svega naknade za transakcije, po\u0161to gas fees znaju da budu astronomske, \u010dak i sada nakon merge. Zato su Cardano i Avalanche dobili veliki broj fanova u poslednje vrijeme.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\"><strong>Mo\u017ee li se pisani pametni ugovor modificirati?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kratak odgovor je \u2013 ne, budu\u0107i da su pametni ugovori trajni i nepromjenjivi nakon \u0161to se postave na blockchain. Ali postoje rijetke iznimke. Ipak, jednom napravljena gre\u0161ka u smart contract mo\u017ee biti pogubne, stoga je uvjek dobro sto puta proveriti isti. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\"><strong>Mo\u017ee li se predvideti cijena Bitcoina u budu\u0107nosti?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-d14811ad-344a-4a0b-aca9-3d72e2c3c55d\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prema na\u0161em skromnom mi\u0161ljenju malo je ljudi koji mogu sa sigurno\u0161\u0107u da predvide kretanje cijene Bitcoina ili bilo koje druge kriptovalute. Mogu da se prate trendovi i odre\u0111ena pomeranja, ali to nije pravi pokazatelj da je ne\u0161to sigurno u kripto svijetu. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pametni ugovori (smart contracts) su srce blockchain tehnologije i glavna komponenta decentraliziranih aplikacija (dapp). Oni nude sigurnost, pouzdanost i pristupa\u010dnost blockchain tehnologije, ali u isto vrijeme slo\u017eenu peer-to-peer funkcionalnost. Pogledajmo \u0161to su pametni ugovori i kako funkcioniraju. Danas su svi upoznati s aplikacijama i trgovinama aplikacija. Pregledavate ih, preuzimate aplikaciju koju \u017eelite i preuzimate je [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":872,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[66,64,67],"class_list":["post-871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kripto-skola","tag-ethereum","tag-kripto","tag-kripto-apps"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Captura-de-pantalla-2023-03-21-184439.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Milosns.eth","author_link":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/author\/milosns-eth\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0160to je pametni ugovor ili smart contract? - Joker.gg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pametni ugovor (smart contracts) je srce blockchain tehnologije i glavna komponenta decentraliziranih aplikacija (dapp). 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