{"id":1750,"date":"2023-06-05T09:49:31","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T07:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/?p=1750"},"modified":"2024-02-22T12:30:27","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T10:30:27","slug":"sto-su-blockchain-sloja-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160to su blockchaini sloja 2?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"818\" height=\"468\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr.jpg 818w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr-70x40.jpg 70w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr-56x32.jpg 56w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr-140x80.jpg 140w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr-236x135.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 818px) 100vw, 818px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blockchain sloja 2 danas su vru\u0107a tema u industriji kriptovaluta. Kako su ograni\u010denja blockchaina prve generacije sve o\u010ditija, razvoj sloja 2 postao je od klju\u010dnog zna\u010daja za skalabilnost i odr\u017eivost decentraliziranih sustava. U ovom \u010dlanku, Joker \u0107e vam re\u0107i <strong>\u0161to su to blockchaini sloja 2<\/strong>, kako rade, koje prednosti nude i koji su najve\u0107i layer-2 projekti, odnosno kriptovalute. Sa ovim znanjima trebali bi da budete spremni za slede\u0107i Bull Run koji bi mogao da vam donese solidnu zaradu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vjerojatno ste ve\u0107 \u010duli za blockchain projekte Polygon (MATIC), Arbitrum (ARB) ili Optimism (OP), ali mo\u017eda niste to\u010dno znali za\u0161to su va\u017eni. Blockchaini sloja 2, <strong>poznati i kao off-chain ili scaling rje\u0161enja<\/strong>, namijenjeni su uklanjanju ograni\u010denja tradicionalnih blockchaina prve generacije, poput bitcoina i ethereuma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta ograni\u010denja uklju\u010duju sporu obradu transakcija, visoke naknade i ograni\u010dene sposobnosti za obradu velike koli\u010dine podataka. Blockchaini drugog sloja rade tako <strong>da transakcije izuzimaju iz glavnog blockchaina<\/strong> i obra\u0111uju ih u zasebnoj mre\u017ei koja je br\u017ea i u\u010dinkovitija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da bismo bolje <strong>razumjeli blockchaine sloja 2<\/strong>, prvo, naravno, moramo razumjeti blockchaine sloja 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents\" data-showtext=\"show\" data-hidetext=\"hide\" data-scrolltype=\"auto\" id=\"ub_table-of-contents-5417d44c-6790-4423-8b1a-cad575021264\" data-initiallyhideonmobile=\"false\"\n                    data-initiallyshow=\"true\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header-container\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header\">\n                    <div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-title\">Sadr\u017eaj<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-extra-container\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-container ub_table-of-contents-1-column \"><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#0-%C5%A1to-su-blockchaini-sloja-1->\u0160to su blockchaini sloja 1?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#1-blockchain-trilema->Blockchain trilema<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#2-%C5%A1to-je-blockchain-sloja-2->\u0160to je blockchain sloja 2?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#3-ethereum-mre%C5%BEa-ima-najvi%C5%A1e-problema->Ethereum mre\u017ea ima najvi\u0161e problema<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#4-kako-funkcionira-blockchain-sloja-2->Kako funkcionira blockchain sloja 2?<\/a><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#5-1-state-channels->1. State Channels:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#6-2-sporedni-lanci-sidechains->2. Sporedni lanci (Sidechains):<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#7-3-plasma-chains->3. Plasma Chains:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#8-4-platni-kanali->4. Platni kanali:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#9-5-lightning-network->5. Lightning Network<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#10-ethereum-rollup->Ethereum Rollup<\/a><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#11-1-optimisti%C4%8Dni-rollup->1. Optimisti\u010dni rollup<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#12-2-zk-rollup->2. ZK Rollup<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#13-validium->Validium<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#14-koja-je-razlika-izme%C4%91u-sloja-2-i-sloja-0->Koja je razlika izme\u0111u sloja 2 i sloja 0?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#15-najpoznatija-rje%C5%A1enja-sloja-2-i-njihove-kriptovalute->Najpoznatija rje\u0161enja sloja 2 i njihove kriptovalute<\/a><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#16-1-polygon-matic->1. Polygon (MATIC)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#17-2-optimism-op->2. Optimism (OP)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#18-3-arbitrum-arb->3. Arbitrum (ARB)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#19-4-loopring-lrc->4. Loopring (LRC)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#20-rje%C5%A1enja-sloja-2-prednosti->Rje\u0161enja sloja 2: Prednosti<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#21-rje%C5%A1enja-sloja-2-nedostatci->Rje\u0161enja sloja 2: Nedostatci<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#22-zaklju%C4%8Dak->Zaklju\u010dak<\/a><ul><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#23-podelite-na%C5%A1-sadr%C5%BEaj-na-dru%C5%A1tvenim-mre%C5%BEama>Podelite na\u0161 sadr\u017eaj na dru\u0161tvenim mre\u017eama:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2\/#24-%C4%8Desto-postavljana-pitanja>\u010cesto postavljana pitanja<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"0-%C5%A1to-su-blockchaini-sloja-1-\"><strong>\u0160to su blockchaini sloja 1?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/65w4gf-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2821\" style=\"width:800px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kada je koncept tehnologije blockchaina 2009. godine predstavljen svijetu s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/bitcoin\/\">Bitcoinom (BTC)<\/a>, glavni naglasak bio je na pru\u017eanju decentralizirane i sigurne tehnologije distribuirane baze podataka <strong>koja mo\u017ee omogu\u0107iti transparentne transakcije<\/strong>. Zbog toga je bilo potrebno stvoriti vlastiti token za lak\u0161e pla\u0107anje transakcija u mre\u017ei, \u0161to je dovelo do nastanka popularnih kriptovaluta poput BTC-a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sigurnost i decentralizaciju blockchain mre\u017ea osigurava raznolika i globalna mre\u017ea developera i sudionika poput validatora. Budu\u0107i da na ovim platformama <strong>nema sredi\u0161njeg tijela ili kontrole,<\/strong> sama tehnologija mora imati odre\u0111eni stupanj sigurnosti koji \u0161titi korisnike od prevara i napada. Zbog tog prioriteta, da ne spominjemo ogromna sredstva koja su potrebna za odr\u017eavanje potpuno funkcionalnog ekosustava, blockchainima sloja 1 \u010desto nedostaje skalabilnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glavni problem skalabilnosti mre\u017ee uglavnom je rezultat mehanizma konsenzusa proof-of-work (PoW), koji koriste ovi blockchaini sloja 1. Isti zahtijeva ogromne koli\u010dine ra\u010dunalnih resursa za izradu svakog bloka podataka o transakcijama u mre\u017ei. Osim toga, broj transakcija koje blockchain sloja 1 mo\u017ee obraditi <strong>obrnuto je proporcionalan vremenu potrebnom za njihovo izvr\u0161enje<\/strong>, \u0161to dovodi do pove\u0107anja naknada za transakcije (eng. gas) u takvim mre\u017eama. Budu\u0107i da takvi blockchaini na sloju 1 obra\u0111uju i zaklju\u010duju transakcije u vlastitom blockchainu, bilo kakve promjene osnovnog protokola potencijalno mogu poremetiti njegovo funkcioniranje, stoga je zadatak mijenjanja mehanizma konsenzusa rizi\u010dan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-blockchain-trilema-\"><strong>Blockchain trilema<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-1024x341.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1752\" style=\"width:800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-1024x341.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-768x256.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-120x40.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-96x32.jpg 96w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-240x80.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia-405x135.jpg 405w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-trilemma-joker-hri-1-copia.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blockchain trilema<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neki razvojni programeri smatraju da je nemogu\u0107nost postizanja ravnote\u017ee izme\u0111u <strong>sigurnosti, decentralizacije i skalabilnosti<\/strong> neizbje\u017ean nedostatak tehnologije (tzv. blockchain trilema), stoga su rje\u0161enja sloja 2, poput rollupa u ethereumu i lightning mre\u017ee u bitcoinu, jedno od rje\u0161enja za ovaj problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blockchain trilema obuhva\u0107a tri \u010dimbenika:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sigurnost:<\/strong> Blockchain mora biti siguran i otporan na napade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skalabilnost:<\/strong> Sustav mora biti sposoban obraditi veliki broj transakcija.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Decentralizacija:<\/strong> Blockchain mora biti decentraliziran, \u0161to zna\u010di da ga ne kontrolira niti jedan entitet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zanimljivost:<\/strong> Najve\u0107i blockchain na svijetu trenutno je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/kako-kupiti\/\">Bitcoin lanac blokova<\/a>, koji u svibnju 2023. godine obuhva\u0107a vi\u0161e od 350 GB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-%C5%A1to-je-blockchain-sloja-2-\"><strong>\u0160to je blockchain sloja 2?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rje\u0161enje sloja 2 odnosi se na niz off-chain rje\u0161enja izgra\u0111enih na vrhu sloja 1, <strong>koja smanjuju uska grla<\/strong> u gore spomenutim problemima skaliranja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da biste bolje razumjeli, zamislite kuhinju u restoranu. Ako bi svaku narud\u017ebu od po\u010detka do kraja trebala pripremiti samo jedna osoba, prije nego \u0161to bi narud\u017eba bila potvr\u0111ena i dostavljena, to bi bio vrlo spor proces koji bi mogao zavr\u0161iti sa samo nekoliko narud\u017ebi po satu. No, slojevi 2 su poput pripremnih postaja &#8211; postoji postaja za \u010di\u0161\u0107enje i rezanje hrane, postaja za kuhanje, postaja koja sastavlja jela \u2013 <strong>svaka se mo\u017ee fokusirati i svoj zadatak obaviti puno u\u010dinkovitije<\/strong>. Kada za to do\u0111e vrijeme, posljednja osoba mo\u017ee svako sastavljeno jelo uskladiti s narud\u017ebom i potvrditi ga, prije nego \u0161to je poslano na kona\u010dno odredi\u0161te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovu tehnologiju ve\u0107 koriste <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kladionica.biz\/depozitne-metode\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">VISA, MasterCard i druge platne platforme<\/a>. Visa grupira tisu\u0107e svakodnevnih mikrotransakcija maloprodajnih trgovaca u pakete koji se u bankovnom sustavu obra\u010dunavaju u redovitim vremenskim intervalima. Ako bi se upravljalo odvojeno, to bi u nekoliko minuta preopteretilo mre\u017eu. Banke zatim koriste svoju internu verziju sloja za obra\u010dun za pohranu i organizaciju transakcija. U ovom scenariju, <strong>VISA bi bila sloj 2<\/strong>, dok bi sloj 1 bio ve\u0107a mre\u017ea institucija i vlada koje postavljaju pravila financijske industrije i prate transakcije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-ethereum-mre%C5%BEa-ima-najvi%C5%A1e-problema-\"><strong>Ethereum mre\u017ea ima najvi\u0161e problema<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"285\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1826\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth-768x274.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth-112x40.jpg 112w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth-90x32.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth-225x80.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Eth-379x135.jpg 379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ethereum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethereum mre\u017ea, zbog svoje popularnosti na tr\u017ei\u0161tu u proteklih nekoliko godina, dostigla je trenuta\u010dni kapacitet od ne\u0161to vi\u0161e od 1,5 milijuna dnevnih transakcija. Zato razdoblja visoke aktivnosti mre\u017ee <strong>\u010desto dovode do preoptere\u0107enja podatcima<\/strong>, \u0161to rezultira pove\u0107anjem tro\u0161kova za transakcije i usporava rad aplikacija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U prvom tromjese\u010dju 2021. godine, ukupna vrijednost zaklju\u010dana u rje\u0161enjima sloja 2 za ethereum <strong>pove\u0107ala se za vi\u0161e od 7000%<\/strong>! To je ogroman porast koji pokazuje koliko postaju va\u017ena rje\u0161enja sloja 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-kako-funkcionira-blockchain-sloja-2-\"><strong>Kako funkcionira blockchain sloja 2?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lanci blokova sloja 2 rade tako <strong>da stvaraju paralelnu mre\u017eu uz glavni lanac blokova koji obra\u0111uje transakcije<\/strong>. Ova paralelna mre\u017ea povezana je s glavnim lancem blokova <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-pametni-ugovor-smart-contract\/\">putem pametnih ugovora<\/a>, koji su programabilne skripte koje omogu\u0107uju prijenos vrijednosti izme\u0111u dvije mre\u017ee. Transakcije se obra\u0111uju u mre\u017ei sloja 2, a rezultati se zatim \u0161alju natrag u glavni lanac blokova za kona\u010dno oblikovanje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postoji vi\u0161e razli\u010ditih vrsta lanaca blokova sloja 2, <strong>svaka s vlastitim pristupom obradi transakcija<\/strong>. One uklju\u010duju:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-1-state-channels-\">1. <strong>State Channels<\/strong>: <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovi kanali omogu\u0107avaju <strong>obradu transakcija izme\u0111u dvije strane izvan lanca.<\/strong> Funkcioniraju tako da stvaraju privremeni kanal koji im omogu\u0107ava izvr\u0161avanje vi\u0161e transakcija bez potrebe za a\u017euriranjem glavnog lanca blokova dok se kanal ne zatvori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primjer operacije koja bi se mogla izvoditi u State Channelu je igra iks-oks izme\u0111u dva korisnika, gdje \u201elogika igre\u201d sadr\u017ei pravila igre, a \u201elogika stanja\u201d <strong>bilje\u017ei trenuta\u010dno stanje igre<\/strong> i odre\u0111uje kamo se sredstva zaklju\u010dana u pametnom ugovoru trebaju prenijeti na temelju kona\u010dnog rezultata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-2-sporedni-lanci-sidechains-\">2. <strong>Sporedni lanci (Sidechains)<\/strong>: <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sidechains su zasebni lanci koji rade uz glavni lanac blokova. Dizajnirani su <strong>za obradu specifi\u010dnih vrsta transakcija<\/strong> i mogu se prilagoditi potrebama odre\u0111enih aplikacija. Budu\u0107i da koriste odvojeni mehanizam konsenzusa i nisu osigurani slojem 1, tehni\u010dki se ne smatraju slojem 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-3-plasma-chains-\">3. <strong>Plasma Chains:<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je rje\u0161enje za skaliranje koje stvara hijerarhiju sidechainsa, pri \u010demu <strong>svaki lanac upravlja podskupinom transakcija<\/strong>. Glavni lanac blokova koristi se kao kona\u010dna razina poravnavanja, pri \u010demu se transakcije iz sidechainsa spajaju i \u0161alju u glavni lanac, gdje se zaklju\u010duju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-4-platni-kanali-\">4. <strong>Platni kanali:<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Platni kanal dvosmjerni je kanal koji postoji izme\u0111u dva sudionika i <strong>u potpunosti je izvan lanca<\/strong>. Dva korisnika mogu stvoriti platni kanal tako da svaki od njih zaklju\u010da odre\u0111enu koli\u010dinu tokena u pametnom ugovoru na lancu. To se mo\u017ee zamisliti kao depozitni ra\u010dun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zaklju\u010davanjem sredstava u pametnom ugovoru, <strong>kanal se po\u010dinje otvarati<\/strong>, omogu\u0107avaju\u0107i oba sudionika da jedan drugome \u0161alju tokene, sve dok ukupni iznos koji jedan od sudionika potro\u0161i ne prema\u0161i iznos zaklju\u010dan u njihovom pametnom ugovoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-5-lightning-network-\">5. <strong>Lightning Network<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bitcoin Lightning Network <strong>najpopularniji je primjer<\/strong> platnog kanala L2 u bitcoin lancu blokova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-ethereum-rollup-\"><strong>Ethereum Rollup<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rollup je posebno rje\u0161enje sloja 2 koje izvodi <strong>stotine transakcija izvan sloja 1<\/strong>, kombinira ih u jednu grupu komprimiranih podataka i zatim ih objavljuje natrag na glavnoj mre\u017ei kako bi ih svi mogli pregledati i osporiti ako im se \u010dine sumnjivima. Rollupi ne samo da <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/ethereum\/\">koriste sigurnost ethereuma<\/a>, ve\u0107 mogu i smanjiti naknade za transakcije 10 do 100 puta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iako svi rollup sustavi poma\u017eu u uplatama, isplatama i provjeravanju dokaza, postoje male razlike u na\u010dinu na koji rollup sustavi, <strong>poput optimisma <\/strong>i <strong>ZK Rollupa<\/strong>, \u0161alju podatke natrag u sloj 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"11-1-optimisti%C4%8Dni-rollup-\">1. <strong>Optimisti\u010dni rollup<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optimisti\u010dni rollupi (Optimistic Rollups) rade <strong>paralelno s glavnim lancem ethereuma<\/strong>, izvr\u0161avaju sve transakcije i zatim \u0161alju podatke natrag na prvi sloj. Korisnici su potaknuti da izvr\u0161avaju transakcije na ovim slojevima 2 zbog konkurentno niskih provizija. Ako postoji sumnja na prevaru u transakciji, mo\u017ee se osporiti i procijeniti dokazima o prijevari. U tom scenariju, rollup \u0107e izvr\u0161iti izra\u010dun transakcije koriste\u0107i dostupne podatke o stanju. U usporedbi sa ZK Rollupima, to zna\u010di da \u0107e vrijeme za izlaz iz rollupa i povla\u010denje sredstava natrag na sloj 1 biti ne\u0161to du\u017ee. Me\u0111utim, korisnici \u201eunutar\u201d rollupa jo\u0161 uvijek \u0107e dobiti brzu potvrdu transakcije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glavna je ideja optimisti\u010dnog rollupa da \u0107e transakcije u ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva biti valjane i ne\u0107e biti osporavane, <strong>pa proces mo\u017ee biti mnogo br\u017ei i jeftiniji<\/strong> nego na glavnom lancu blokova ethereuma. Period osporavanja osigurava da je sustav i dalje siguran i decentraliziran, jer svaki korisnik mo\u017ee pokrenuti spor, a validatori trebaju dokazati da su njihove transakcije valjane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Op\u0107enito, optimisti\u010dni rollupi kompatibilni su s <strong>ethereum virtualnim strojem (EVM)<\/strong> i Solidity programom, \u0161to zna\u010di da se sve \u0161to je mogu\u0107e na prvom sloju ethereuma, mo\u017ee replicirati na drugom sloju. Primjeri optimisti\u010dnih rollupa su arbitrum (ARB) i optimism (OP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"12-2-zk-rollup-\">2. <strong>ZK Rollup<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za razliku od optimisti\u010dnih rollupa, kod ZK Rollupa stvaraju se kriptografski dokazi <strong>za potvr\u0111ivanje autenti\u010dnosti transakcija<\/strong>. Ti dokazi (objavljeni na sloju 1) nazivaju se dokazi o valjanosti ili SNARK (Succinct Non-interactive Argument of Knowledge) ili STARK (Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZK Rollupi su u\u010dinkovitiji jer odr\u017eavaju stanje svih prijenosa na sloju 2, koje se a\u017eurira isklju\u010divo dokazima o valjanosti. Budu\u0107i da ZK Rollupi ne trebaju potpune podatke o transakcijama, <strong>lak\u0161e je potvr\u0111ivati blokove i prenositi ethereum (ETH)<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/kako-zaraditi-ethereumom\/\">glavni token ethereum blockchaina<\/a>, na sloj 1. Autenti\u010dnost transakcija ve\u0107 je provjerena dokazom valjanosti (koji prihva\u0107a ZK Rollup ugovor). Ipak, nemaju potpunu podr\u0161ku EVM-a i zahtjevniji su za ra\u010dunanje za aplikacije s malo aktivnosti na lancu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primjeri ZK Rollupa: <strong>dYdX (DYDX), loopring (LRC) i zkSync (TBD).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"13-validium-\"><strong>Validium<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Validium je vrsta rje\u0161enja za skaliranje blokchain mre\u017ea sli\u010dna rollupima i sporednim lancima. U validium sustavu, transakcije izvan lanca prvo obra\u0111uje grupa validatora, ba\u0161 kao u rollup ili sporednom lancu. Me\u0111utim, za razliku od tih rje\u0161enja, <strong>validatori u validium sustavu nisu unaprijed poznati<\/strong>. Umjesto toga, oni su nasumi\u010dno odabrani iz skupa prikladnih validatora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ideja validiuma jest pru\u017eanje <strong>dodatne razine sigurnosti<\/strong> <strong>i pouzdanosti mre\u017ee<\/strong>, a istovremeno i dalje omogu\u0107avanje brzih i jeftinih transakcija (otprilike 10 000 transakcija u sekundi). Nasumi\u010dnim odabirom validatora i zahtjevom za potvrdom od strane odvojenog skupa validatora, pojedinoj grupi ili osobi mnogo je te\u017ee manipulirati sustavom za vlastitu korist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"14-koja-je-razlika-izme%C4%91u-sloja-2-i-sloja-0-\"><strong>Koja je razlika izme\u0111u sloja 2 i sloja 0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sloj 0 ili Layer 0 je vrsta protokola koja <strong>omogu\u0107ava programerima pokretanje vi\u0161e blockchainova sloja 1, <\/strong>koji su povezani s glavnim L0 lancem, ali djeluju neovisno. Svaki blockchain sloja 1 na sloju 0 potencijalno mo\u017ee upravljati svojim setom L2 mre\u017ea kako bi skalirao svoju osnovnu infrastrukturu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protokoli sloja 0 dizajnirani su tako da programerima omogu\u0107uju ve\u0107u fleksibilnost u dizajniranju decentraliziranih aplikacija (eng. dapps), <strong>omogu\u0107avaju\u0107i im da kontroliraju osnovnu infrastrukturu svojih dappova<\/strong> putem vlastitog blockchaina. Mre\u017ee sloja 0 tako\u0111er su optimizirane za interoperabilnost me\u0111u lancima jer razli\u010diti L1 lanci koji su povezani s jednim glavnim lancem lak\u0161e komuniciraju me\u0111usobno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S druge strane, mre\u017ee <strong>sloja 2 postoje uglavnom za skaliranje jedne mre\u017ee sloja 1.<\/strong> Ve\u0107a fleksibilnost protokola i interoperabilnost me\u0111u lancima stoga nisu glavni ciljevi L2 mre\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primjeri blockchaina sloja 0 su <strong>cosmos (ATOM)<\/strong> i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/polkadot-dot\/\">polkadot (DOT)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Za\u0161to odjednom postoji toliko rje\u0161enja sloja 2?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kako bi se sprije\u010dila prevelika ovisnost ili potencijalni kolaps pojedinih dijelova mre\u017ee, <strong>uspostavljeni su razli\u010diti kanali sloja 2<\/strong>. Ekosustav se neprestano mijenja i nadogra\u0111uje; neke aplikacije kao \u0161to su plasma i state channels na kraju se napu\u0161taju. S druge strane, novi igra\u010di ulaze (kao \u0161to je arbitrum sa svojim optimistic rollupom).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"15-najpoznatija-rje%C5%A1enja-sloja-2-i-njihove-kriptovalute-\"><strong>Najpoznatija rje\u0161enja sloja 2 i njihove kriptovalute<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovdje se \u010dini va\u017eno napomenuti da rje\u0161enja sloja 2 u na\u010delu <strong>ne predstavljaju konkurenciju jedni drugima.<\/strong> Op\u0107enito, razli\u010dite opcije koje svatko mo\u017ee izgraditi koordinacijom i suradnjom s cijelim ethereum ekosustavom nude krajnjim korisnicima ve\u0107i i uravnote\u017eeniji izbor. Ono \u0161to jednom blockchainu sloja 2 nedostaje, mo\u017ee se uravnote\u017eiti prednostima drugog i obrnuto. Ispod su predstavljena neka od ve\u0107ih layer 2 rje\u0161enja i njihovi tokeni ako se odlu\u010dite za kupnju kriptovaluta unutar ovog popularnog kriptosektora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"16-1-polygon-matic-\">1. <strong>Polygon (MATIC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2564\" style=\"width:800px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol-300x75.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol-768x192.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol-160x40.jpg 160w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol-128x32.jpg 128w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol-320x80.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pol-540x135.jpg 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">MATIC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polygon je mre\u017ea <strong>me\u0111usobno povezanih blockchaina ili sporednih lanaca<\/strong>, koji su izgra\u0111eni <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/ethereum-predvidanje-vrijednosti\/\">na osnovi ethereum mre\u017ee<\/a>. Ti sporedni lanci mogu obraditi transakcije izvan lanca, \u0161to im omogu\u0107ava obradu mnogo ve\u0107eg volumena transakcija nego glavnoj ethereum mre\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osim \u0161to pru\u017ea rje\u0161enje za skaliranje ethereuma, polygon nudi i niz drugih funkcija i usluga \u010dija je svrha olak\u0161ati programerima izradu decentraliziranih aplikacija. To uklju\u010duje set alata za programere, kao \u0161to su <strong>Polygon SDK<\/strong> i <strong>Polygon.js<\/strong>, te rastu\u0107i ekosustav dappova i projekata koji su izgra\u0111eni na polygon mre\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nakon promjene imena iz \u201eMatic Network\u201d, <strong>polygon je zadr\u017eao kriptovalutu<\/strong> <strong>MATIC<\/strong>, digitalni nov\u010di\u0107 na kojem se temelji mre\u017ea. MATIC se koristi kao sredstvo pla\u0107anja i poravnanja me\u0111u sudionicima koji sudjeluju u mre\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gdje mogu kupiti kriptovalutu MATIC? MATIC je dostupan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kripto-mjenjacnice-bez-kyc-verifikacije\/\">na gotovo svim ve\u0107im kriptoburzama<\/a>, kao \u0161to su <strong>Binance, Kraken ili Coinbase<\/strong>, kao i na decentraliziranim burzama (eng. dex), kao \u0161to su Uniswap ili Pancakeswap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"17-2-optimism-op-\">2. <strong>Optimism (OP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op-300x75.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op-768x192.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op-160x40.jpg 160w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op-128x32.jpg 128w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op-320x80.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/op-540x135.jpg 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">OP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovaj projekat je pro\u0161irenje ethereum sustava, koje korisnicima i programerima <strong>omogu\u0107ava da iskoriste njegova sna\u017ena sigurnosna jamstva<\/strong>, dok je istovremeno jeftiniji i br\u017ei. OP token koristi se za upravljanje i mo\u017ee se kupiti ili prodati na Coinbasu i ostalim burzama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Arhitektura optimisma, ekvivalentna EVM-u, omogu\u0107ava skaliranje decentraliziranih aplikacija ethereuma bez iznena\u0111enja. Prema podatcima portala Defi Llama, optimism je drugi najve\u0107i L2, <strong>u \u010dije je pametne ugovore zaklju\u010dano<\/strong> <strong>850 milijuna USD<\/strong> u trenutku pisanja ovog \u010dlanka. Na prvom je mjestu arbitrum s 2,32 milijarde USD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gdje mogu kupiti kriptovalutu OP? OP je dostupan na nekoliko ve\u0107ih kriptoburzi poput <strong>Binancea,<\/strong> <strong>ByBita<\/strong> <strong>ili<\/strong> <strong>Coinbasea<\/strong>, kao i na dexovima Uniswap ili Pancakeswap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"18-3-arbitrum-arb-\">3. <strong>Arbitrum (ARB)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar-300x77.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar-768x196.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar-157x40.jpg 157w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar-125x32.jpg 125w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar-314x80.jpg 314w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ar-529x135.jpg 529w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">ARB<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Arbitrum (ARB) je vjerojatno <strong>najpopularniji blockchain sloja 2 na ethereumu<\/strong>, koji je 24. o\u017eujka 2023. godine pokrenuo svoj dugo o\u010dekivani kriptotoken ARB. Arbitrum koristi gore navedenu rollup tehnologiju za pobolj\u0161anje performansi, sigurnosti i skalabilnosti osnovnog sloja. On je savr\u0161en zao ne koji se pitaju kako kupiti kriptovalute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovaj pristup omogu\u0107ava ve\u0107i protok i ni\u017ee naknade. Na primjer, <strong>arbitrum nudi<\/strong> <strong>10 puta ni\u017ee naknade <\/strong>u usporedbi s transakcijama na ethereumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ako vas ovaj zanimljiv projekt vi\u0161e zanima, pro\u010ditajte <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/kriptovalute\/arbitrum-arb\/\">na\u0161 detaljni vodi\u010d za arbitrum<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gdje mogu kupiti kriptovalutu ARB? ARB je dostupan na nekoliko ve\u0107ih kriptoburzi, poput <strong>Binancea<\/strong>, <strong>Krakena<\/strong> ili <strong>Coinbasea<\/strong>, kao i na dexovima Uniswap ili Pancakeswap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"19-4-loopring-lrc-\">4. <strong>Loopring (LRC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp-300x75.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp-768x192.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp-160x40.jpg 160w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp-128x32.jpg 128w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp-320x80.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lp-540x135.jpg 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">LRC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Loopring (LRC), koji je osnovao biv\u0161i softverski in\u017eenjer u Googleu Daniel Wang, nastoji omogu\u0107iti <strong>br\u017ee i jeftinije trgovanje sredstvima i pla\u0107anje na ethereumu<\/strong>, bez \u017ertvovanja sigurnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To\u010dnije, loopring je protokol za izgradnju decentraliziranih burzi na ethereumu, koje ne temelje na knjizi narud\u017ebi. Usmjerava i obra\u0111uje poslove, te uskla\u0111uje prodavatelje i kupce po tr\u017ei\u0161noj cijeni, <strong>nikada ne tra\u017ee\u0107i posjedovanje sredstava kupca ili prodavatelja<\/strong>. Tu se razlikuje od centraliziranih burzi koje od trgovaca zahtijevaju da deponiraju sredstva na burzi kako bi ona mogla izvr\u0161iti poslove u ime korisnika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gdje mogu kupiti kriptovalutu LRC? LRC je dostupan na nekoliko ve\u0107ih kriptoburzi, poput <strong>Binancea,<\/strong> <strong>Krakena ili Coinbasea<\/strong>, kao i na dexovima Uniswap ili Pancakeswap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"20-rje%C5%A1enja-sloja-2-prednosti-\"><strong>Rje\u0161enja sloja 2: Prednosti<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Skalabilnost<\/strong>: Rje\u0161enja sloja 2 dizajnirana su da zna\u010dajno pobolj\u0161aju skalabilnost blockchaina. Omogu\u0107avaju obradu transakcija izvan lanca, \u010dime se smanjuje optere\u0107enje glavnog lanca blokova i omogu\u0107ava brza i tro\u0161kovno u\u010dinkovita obrada znatno ve\u0107e koli\u010dine transakcija.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brzina i u\u010dinkovitost<\/strong>: Premje\u0161tanjem transakcija izvan lanca, rje\u0161enja sloja 2 mogu posti\u0107i br\u017ee vrijeme potvrde transakcija.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Smanjenje tro\u0161kova<\/strong>: Rje\u0161enja sloja 2 mogu pomo\u0107i u smanjenju naknada za transakcije jer smanjuju optere\u0107enje glavnog lanca blokova. Obradom transakcija izvan lanca, korisnici mogu u\u017eivati u ni\u017eim naknadama, \u010dime blockchain tehnologija postaje pristupa\u010dnija i tro\u0161kovno u\u010dinkovitija za svakodnevnu uporabu.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bolje korisni\u010dko iskustvo<\/strong>: S br\u017eim transakcijama i ni\u017eim naknadama, rje\u0161enja sloja 2 pobolj\u0161avaju cjelokupno korisni\u010dko iskustvo. Korisnici mogu br\u017ee i jeftinije sudjelovati u decentraliziranim aplikacijama (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/sto-je-dapp-ili-decentralizirana-aplikacija\/\">dapps<\/a>), \u010dime se pove\u0107ava prihvatljivost i upotrebljivost.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>O\u010duvanje sigurnosti<\/strong>: Iako se transakcije obra\u0111uju izvan lanca, cilj rje\u0161enja sloja 2 jest o\u010duvanje visoke razine sigurnosti. To posti\u017eu kori\u0161tenjem razli\u010ditih mehanizama kao \u0161to su kriptografski dokazi, mre\u017ee validatora ili mostovi do glavnog lanca blokova.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"21-rje%C5%A1enja-sloja-2-nedostatci-\"><strong>Rje\u0161enja sloja 2: Nedostatci<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rizik centralizacije<\/strong>: Neka rje\u0161enja sloja 2 oslanjaju se na pouzdane validatore ili ograni\u010den broj sudionika prilikom provjere transakcija. To uvodi razinu centralizacije jer korisnici moraju vjerovati tim subjektima. Me\u0111utim, rizik centralizacije <strong>nije prisutan u svim rje\u0161enjima sloja 2<\/strong>, budu\u0107i da neka koriste decentralizirane mehanizme konsenzusa.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Slo\u017eenost i razvojni napori:<\/strong> Implementacija i integracija rje\u0161enja sloja 2 mogu biti slo\u017eeni i zahtijevaju dodatne razvojne napore. To mo\u017ee uklju\u010divati promjenu postoje\u0107ih pametnih ugovora ili izgradnju nove infrastrukture specifi\u010dne za odabrano rje\u0161enje sloja 2, \u0161to mo\u017ee biti vremenski zahtjevno i zahtijevati velike resurse.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Izazovi interoperabilnosti:<\/strong> Rje\u0161enja sloja 2 mogu predstavljati izazove interoperabilnosti izme\u0111u razli\u010ditih blockchain mre\u017ea. Iako je cilj rje\u0161enja kao \u0161to su mostovi rije\u0161iti taj problem, besprijekorna interoperabilnost izme\u0111u razli\u010ditih rje\u0161enja sloja 2 i razli\u010ditih lanaca blokova i dalje je tehni\u010dka prepreka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"22-zaklju%C4%8Dak-\"><strong>Zaklju\u010dak<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usvajanje tehnologije blockchaina i kriptovaluta neprekidno raste, a lanci blokova sloja 2 predstavljaju klju\u010dnu fazu u razvoju ove mlade tehnologije. Inovativne tehnike poput rollupova <strong>rje\u0161avaju pitanja skalabilnosti i pru\u017eaju skalabilnu i u\u010dinkovitu infrastrukturu<\/strong> koja mo\u017ee podr\u017eati zahtjeve stvarnih aplikacija. Iako postoje kompromisi i izazovi, kontinuirani razvoj i zajedni\u010dki napori u blockchain zajednici poti\u010du napredak rje\u0161enja druge razine. Ulaskom u svijet rje\u0161enja sloja 2, otvaramo mogu\u0107nosti za decentraliziranu budu\u0107nost u kojoj \u0107e tehnologija lanca blokova postati sastavni dio na\u0161e svakodnevnice, transformirati industrije i oja\u010dati ulogu pojedinaca diljem svijeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"23-podelite-na%C5%A1-sadr%C5%BEaj-na-dru%C5%A1tvenim-mre%C5%BEama\">Podelite na\u0161 sadr\u017eaj na dru\u0161tvenim mre\u017eama:<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-social-share\" id=\"ub-social-share-8ad4a47e-4414-4f34-bf71-7ed19f949eaa\">\n\t\t<div class=\"social-share-icons align-icons-center orientation-icons-row\"><a aria-label=\"facebook-logo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joker.gg%2Fhr%2Fsto-su-blockchaini-sloja-2%2F&#038;title=%C5%A0to%20su%20blockchaini%20sloja%202%3F\" 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480.3c-13.6 14.5-50 31.7-97.4 31.7-120.8 0-147-88.8-147-140.6v-144H17.9c-5.5 0-10-4.5-10-10v-68c0-7.2 4.5-13.6 11.3-16 62-21.8 81.5-76 84.3-117.1.8-11 6.5-16.3 16.1-16.3h70.9c5.5 0 10 4.5 10 10v115.2h83c5.5 0 10 4.4 10 9.9v81.7c0 5.5-4.5 10-10 10h-83.4V360c0 34.2 23.7 53.6 68 35.8 4.8-1.9 9-3.2 12.7-2.2 3.5.9 5.8 3.4 7.4 7.9l22 64.3c1.8 5 3.3 10.6-.4 14.5z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span>share<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"24-%C4%8Desto-postavljana-pitanja\">\u010cesto postavljana pitanja<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\" data-mobilecollapse=\"true\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\"><strong>\u0160to su lanci blokova druge razine?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lanci blokova druge razine pomo\u0107ni su okviri izgra\u0111eni na vrhu postoje\u0107ih lanaca blokova, nazvanih osnovni sloj. Svrha tih okvira jest pobolj\u0161ati skalabilnost i pove\u0107ati propusnost transakcija obradom odre\u0111enih transakcija izvan lanca.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\"><strong>Ugro\u017eavaju li lanci blokova sloja 2 sigurnost?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iako unose odre\u0111ene kompromise, poput ve\u0107eg rizika centralizacije u nekim slu\u010dajevima, cilj im je o\u010duvanje sigurnosti i decentralizacije. Mnoga rje\u0161enja druge razine koriste kriptografske dokaze i sigurne protokole kako bi osigurala integritet transakcija i cjelokupne mre\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\"><strong>Koji su najpoznatiji kriptoprojekti sloja 2?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polygon (MATIC), arbitrum (ARB), optimism (OP), loopring (LRC), immutable X (IMX), dYdX (DYDX)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\"><strong>Mogu li razli\u010diti lanci blokova sloja 2 komunicirati me\u0111usobno?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interoperabilnost izme\u0111u razli\u010ditih blockchaina sloja 2 i osnovnog sloja i dalje predstavlja izazov. Me\u0111utim, postoje napori za razvoj interoperabilnih protokola i mostova koji omogu\u0107avaju glatku komunikaciju i prijenos podataka izme\u0111u razli\u010ditih mre\u017ea lanaca blokova.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\"\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\"><strong>Koje su najpoznatije kriptovalute?<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-a8d372e3-3255-401d-89d6-f0add3944601\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sasvim sigurno ako ste aktivni u svijetu kriptovaluta onda znate da su najpoznatije kriptovalute ujedno i najskuplje. Trenuta\u010dno to su svakako Bitcoin i Ethereum, mada postoji dosta alternativnih kriptpovaluta koje su vrlo vrijedne. To su na primjer, Solana, Tron i Arbitrum. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blockchain sloja 2 danas su vru\u0107a tema u industriji kriptovaluta. Kako su ograni\u010denja blockchaina prve generacije sve o\u010ditija, razvoj sloja 2 postao je od klju\u010dnog zna\u010daja za skalabilnost i odr\u017eivost decentraliziranih sustava. U ovom \u010dlanku, Joker \u0107e vam re\u0107i \u0161to su to blockchaini sloja 2, kako rade, koje prednosti nude i koji su najve\u0107i layer-2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1751,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kripto-skola"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/blockchain-layer-2-hr.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Milosns.eth","author_link":"https:\/\/www.joker.gg\/hr\/author\/milosns-eth\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0160to su blockchain sloja 2? 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